Docker

Install

create /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list with this content:

deb https://get.docker.io/ubuntu docker main

Then run:

curl -s https://get.docker.io/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lxc-docker

confirm:

sudo docker info

update firewall

The FORWARD chain should be changed from DROP to ACCEPT

Containers

docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash                           # create a container
docker run --name bob_the_container -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash  # create a container with specified name

docker ps     # show running containers
docker ps -a  # show all containers

docker start bob_the_container   # start a stopped container
docker attach bob_the_container  # attach to a container 
                                 # NOTE: hit Enter to get a prompt

# create daemonized container
docker run --name daemon_dave -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c \
    "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"

# view terminal output inside the container
docker logs daemon_dave     
docker logs -f daemon_dave  # like tail -f
docker logs -t daemon_dave  # print timestamps

docker top daemon_dave  # see what's happening inside the container

# run a process inside the container
docker exec -d daemon_dave touch /etc/config_file  # background
docker exec -t -i daemon_dave /bin/bash            # interactive

docker stop daemon_dave  # stop a daemonized container

# automatic container restarts
docker run --restart=always --name daemon_dave -d ubuntu \
    /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
# might be better to use this flag
    --restart=on-failure:5   # max of 5 restarts

docker inspect daemon_dave  # get container details

# get IP address
docker inspect --format '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' daemon_dave

docker rm 80430f8d0921  # delete a stopped container

Images

Each image belongs to a repository. Repositories are either maintained by Docker, Inc. or by users. Official Docker repositories have a single name like ubuntu or mysql, while user-contributed repositories include a username, e.g. jamtur01/puppet. All public repositories are generally hosted on Docker Hub

The ubuntu repository contains images for each version. By default you get the image tagged latest. You could also specify ubuntu:12.04 or ubuntu:precise for version 12.04.

Docker images are read-only filesystems that get layered on top of each other in a union mount to form a container's filesystem. A read-write layer is always available on top.

docker images                # list all local docker images
docker images ubuntu         # list only ubuntu-related images
docker pull ubuntu:12.04     # download image without immediately running it
docker inspect ubuntu:12.04  # show properties of a specific image
docker search puppet         # search Docker Hub
docker rmi puppet            # delete local image

Build an image with a Dockerfile

• create a directory with a Dockerfile in it:

$ mkdir static_web 
$ cd static_web 
$ touch Dockerfile

• edit the Dockerfile to look like this:

# Version: 0.0.1 
FROM ubuntu: 14.04 
MAINTAINER James Turnbull "james@example.com" 
RUN apt-get update 
RUN apt-get install -y nginx 
RUN echo 'Hi, I am in your container' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html 
EXPOSE 80

• build the image:

sudo docker build -t= "jamtur01/static_web:v1" .

Build cache gotcha

Each step of the build is cached as a distinct image layer. As long as your Dockerfile doesn't change, these cached images get re-used for the build. You can use an ENV variable to flush the cache at a particular step:

FROM ubuntu:14.04 
MAINTAINER James Turnbull "james@example.com" 
ENV REFRESHED_AT 2014-07-01 
RUN apt-get -qq update

Manually change the date in the ENV line to get the latest updates.

Launch a container from an image

# port 80 of the container is mapped to a random high port on the host
docker run -d -p 80 --name static_web jamtur01/static_web nginx -g "daemon off;"

# port 80 of the container is mapped to port 12345 on the host
docker run -d -p 12345:80 --name static_web jamtur01/static_web nginx -g "daemon off;"

# port 80 of the container is mapped to port localhost:12345 on the host
docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1:12345:80 --name static_web jamtur01/static_web nginx -g "daemon off;"

# the EXPOSEd port of the container is mapped to a random high port on the host
docker run -d -P --name static_web jamtur01/static_web nginx -g "daemon off;"

find the assigned port with

docker ps -l

Dockerfile instructions

default command-line arguments for docker run:

ENTRYPOINT  ["/usr/bin/nginx"]  # always executed when container is run
CMD ["-h"]                      # added to command if nothing else at run command line
docker run -t -i jamtur01/static_web -g "daemon off;"  # gets added to nginx
docker run -t -i jamtur01/static_web                   # no argument given; shows help instead

modifying run context:

WORKDIR /opt/webapp/db  # changes working directory
ENV RVM_PATH /home/rvm  # added environment variable
USER nginx              # the user a container should be run as; default is root

file access:

COPY conf.d/ /etc/apache2/                  # conf.d/ must exist in the build directory that contains the Dockerfile
ADD software.lic /opt/application/software.lic  # same as COPY
ADD http://wordpress.org/latest.zip /root/wordpress.zip  # copy from web
ADD latest.tar.gz /var/www/wordpress/       # unpacks tarball into target directory
VOLUME [ "/opt/project" ]                   # allows sharing and reuse of data

The ONBUILD instruction adds triggers to images. A trigger is executed when the image is used as the basis of another image (e.g., if you have an image that needs source code added from a specific location that might not yet be available, or if you need to execute a build script that is specific to the environment in which the image is built).

ONBUILD ADD . /app/src 
ONBUILD RUN cd /app/src && make

Docker Hub Account

First create an account on the web, then run

docker login

and enter your credentials. The credentials will be stored on your machine at $HOME/.dockercfg

To push an image to your Docker Hub repository

docker push jamtur01/static_web

Can also use Automated Builds to upload directly from GitHub.

Run your own Docker registry

Use the registry image from docker:

docker run -p 5000:5000 registry

To use it:

docker push example.server.com:5000/jamtur01/static_web

More details: https://github.com/docker/docker-registry/blob/master/README.md